IPC 195 → BNS 231: False Evidence (Life)

Quick Summary: IPC 195 vs BNS 231

The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) 2023, in force since 1 July 2024, has replaced the colonial-era Indian Penal Code (IPC) 1860. IPC 195 addresses false evidence (life), part of the IPC's offences against public justice — false evidence, fabrication, screening offenders and similar interference with the justice process. These are carried into the BNS with the same structure, and false evidence (life) is now prosecuted as BNS 231, protecting the integrity of investigations and trials in its own right.

What did IPC 195 cover?

IPC 195 dealt with false evidence (life) — giving or fabricating false evidence with intent to procure conviction of offence punishable with imprisonment for life or imprisonment. Until 30 June 2024, every FIR and criminal trial for this offence was registered and prosecuted under this provision of the Indian Penal Code 1860.

BNS 231: What changed in the new law?

No major change. From 1 July 2024, new complaints relating to false evidence (life) are filed under BNS Section 231, while cases registered earlier continue under the old IPC provision as per the saving clause of the BNS.

Punishment under BNS 231

Same - Same as offence

Practical implications for advocates, police & citizens

• Advocates: In a false evidence (life) matter, intention and the materiality of the false statement are decisive; ensure the complaint cites BNS 231 and meets the pre-conditions for prosecuting court-related offences.
• Police officers: Document the false statement or fabricated evidence precisely — the false evidence (life) offence is now BNS 231.
• Law students & citizens: Lying on oath, forging evidence or helping an offender escape — the conduct behind false evidence (life) — is punishable separately from the main case.