IPC 228A → BNS 72: Disclosure of Identity

Quick Summary: IPC 228A vs BNS 72

The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) 2023, in force since 1 July 2024, has replaced the colonial-era Indian Penal Code (IPC) 1860. IPC 228A addresses disclosure of identity, part of the IPC's offences against public justice — false evidence, fabrication, screening offenders and similar interference with the justice process. These are carried into the BNS with the same structure, and disclosure of identity is now prosecuted as BNS 72, protecting the integrity of investigations and trials in its own right.

What did IPC 228A cover?

IPC 228A dealt with disclosure of identity — disclosure of identity of the victim of certain offences etc.. Until 30 June 2024, every FIR and criminal trial for this offence was registered and prosecuted under this provision of the Indian Penal Code 1860.

BNS 72: What changed in the new law?

Moved to Chapter on offences against women/children. From 1 July 2024, new complaints relating to disclosure of identity are filed under BNS Section 72, while cases registered earlier continue under the old IPC provision as per the saving clause of the BNS.

Punishment under BNS 72

Same - Up to 2 years

Practical implications for advocates, police & citizens

• Advocates: In a disclosure of identity matter, intention and the materiality of the false statement are decisive; ensure the complaint cites BNS 72 and meets the pre-conditions for prosecuting court-related offences.
• Police officers: Document the false statement or fabricated evidence precisely — the disclosure of identity offence is now BNS 72.
• Law students & citizens: Lying on oath, forging evidence or helping an offender escape — the conduct behind disclosure of identity — is punishable separately from the main case.