IPC 454 → BNS 331(3): Lurking HT (Offence)

Quick Summary: IPC 454 vs BNS 331(3)

The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) 2023, in force since 1 July 2024, has replaced the colonial-era Indian Penal Code (IPC) 1860. IPC 454 (Lurking HT (Offence)) is one of the IPC's offences against property — theft, extortion, robbery, dacoity, criminal breach of trust, cheating, mischief and criminal trespass. The BNS keeps this structure and adds a distinct provision for snatching, renumbering lurking ht (offence) as BNS 331(3).

What did IPC 454 cover?

IPC 454 dealt with lurking ht (offence) — lurking house-trespass or house-breaking in order to commit offence punishable with imprisonment. Until 30 June 2024, every FIR and criminal trial for this offence was registered and prosecuted under this provision of the Indian Penal Code 1860.

BNS 331(3): What changed in the new law?

Consolidated section. From 1 July 2024, new complaints relating to lurking ht (offence) are filed under BNS Section 331(3), while cases registered earlier continue under the old IPC provision as per the saving clause of the BNS.

Punishment under BNS 331(3)

Same - Up to 3 years (10 if theft)

Practical implications for advocates, police & citizens

• Advocates: For lurking ht (offence), the dividing lines — theft versus extortion, cheating versus breach of trust — decide the charge; confirm the BNS 331(3) mapping before drafting.
• Police officers: Establish dishonest intention and the manner of taking; a new lurking ht (offence) FIR cites BNS 331(3).
• Law students & citizens: With lurking ht (offence), value, the manner of taking and any force used determine which property offence applies and how serious it is.