IPC 94 → BNS 32: Duress/Threat

Quick Summary: IPC 94 vs BNS 32

The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) 2023, in force since 1 July 2024, has replaced the colonial-era Indian Penal Code (IPC) 1860. IPC 94 (Duress/Threat) is among the offences re-enacted by the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, which reorganises and renumbers the old Indian Penal Code while keeping the core ingredients intact. Duress/Threat now maps to BNS 32, and the position below reflects the current bare act.

What did IPC 94 cover?

IPC 94 dealt with duress/threat — act to which a person is compelled by threats. Until 30 June 2024, every FIR and criminal trial for this offence was registered and prosecuted under this provision of the Indian Penal Code 1860.

BNS 32: What changed in the new law?

Does not apply to murder or crimes against state. From 1 July 2024, new complaints relating to duress/threat are filed under BNS Section 32, while cases registered earlier continue under the old IPC provision as per the saving clause of the BNS.

Punishment under BNS 32

N/A - General Exception

Practical implications for advocates, police & citizens

• Advocates: For duress/threat, cite the current provision BNS 32 rather than the repealed IPC 94 in all matters arising on or after 1 July 2024.
• Police officers: Register new duress/threat FIRs under BNS 32; procedure follows the BNSS.
• Law students & citizens: Use the IPC 94 to BNS 32 mapping when checking your position on duress/threat under the new law.